IMPORTANT: This article analyzes the taxation of cryptocurrencies for the 2025 income tax return, to be filed in 2026. Tax information may change due to regulatory amendments, Tax Agency guidelines, reporting forms, administrative doctrine, or updates to the income tax filing season. Currently, any reporting of transactions involving cryptoassets must be reviewed on a case-by-case basis, in accordance with current personal income tax regulations, applicable reporting requirements, and the Tax Agency’s current guidelines.
Cryptocurrency taxation is one of the most frequent inquiries we receive at IN DIEM Abogados. With increased oversight by the Tax Authority and the entry into force of new reporting obligations, correctly declaring your crypto transactions is no longer optional: it is essential to avoid penalties and requirements.
In this updated guide for the 2025 tax year (to be filed in 2026), we explain how to declare cryptocurrencies in Spain, which transactions are taxable, how to calculate your capital gains, and why having a professional crypto tax report can make the difference between an impeccable return and a problem with the Tax Authority.
Legal Framework: How Are Cryptocurrencies Taxed in Spain?
The Tax Authority considers cryptocurrencies as patrimonial assets, not as legal tender. This means that any transaction generating a change in value must be included in the income tax return as a capital gain or loss.
When Do You Need to Report Cryptocurrencies on Your Income Tax Return?
You must declare if you have carried out any of the following transactions:
- Sale of cryptocurrencies for euros
- Exchanges between cryptocurrencies (BTC → ETH, for example)
- Purchase of goods or services paying with crypto
- Obtaining rewards (staking, farming, mining…)
- Salaries or services received in cryptocurrencies
Holding cryptocurrencies without trading does NOT generate an obligation to declare.
Why has Tax Authority oversight increased?
Through forms 172 and 173, exchanges and trading platforms operating in Spain are required to annually report to the Tax Authority regarding their users’ holdings and transactions, enabling the AEAT to automatically cross-reference your transactions with your IRPF.
Additionally, the European MiCA framework reinforces transparency in the crypto-asset market and requires crypto service providers to comply with much stricter registration and traceability standards.
Which cryptocurrency transactions are taxable in Spain?
Not all cryptocurrency transactions have the same tax implications. It is essential to understand when a taxable event is generated and when it is not. Below, we detail the main transactions that must be included in your income tax return:
Sale of cryptocurrencies for euros or other fiat currencies
When you sell Bitcoin, Ethereum, or any other cryptocurrency in exchange for euros, a patrimonial transfer occurs.
The difference between what you paid to acquire them (acquisition value) and what you receive from their sale (transfer value) determines the capital gain or loss you must declare.
Example: you purchased 1 BTC for €20,000 in 2022 and sell it in 2024 for €35,000. Your capital gain is €15,000.
Crypto-to-Crypto Swaps
This is one of the most frequent errors among taxpayers. According to the Tax Authority, exchanging one cryptocurrency for another constitutes a patrimonial transfer, even if you do not receive euros.
Example: if you purchased Bitcoin for €10,000 and exchange it for Ethereum when the Bitcoin is worth €15,000, you must declare a gain of €5,000, even though you have not converted anything to euros.
Staking and DeFi Rewards
Staking consists of locking cryptocurrencies to participate in the validation of blockchain transactions and receive rewards. Fiscally, these rewards are considered income from movable capital or capital gains, depending on their nature.
If you receive new cryptocurrencies as a staking reward, the market value of those cryptocurrencies at the time of receipt constitutes income that must be taxed. Subsequently, when you sell or exchange those rewards, you will generate a new capital gain or loss.
Airdrops and forks
Airdrops are free distributions of tokens, generally for promotional purposes. When you receive an airdrop, the Tax Authority may consider it a capital gain based on the market value of the tokens received at the time of receipt.
Hard forks (when a blockchain splits creating a new cryptocurrency) have similar treatment: if you receive tokens from the new chain, their initial market value may constitute a capital gain.
Mining
If you are professionally engaged in cryptocurrency mining, the income may be considered income from economic activities, which implies registering as self-employed and maintaining specific accounting. If it is a sporadic activity, the cryptocurrencies obtained will be taxed as capital gains based on their market value at the time of obtaining them.
Payments and Compensation in Cryptocurrencies
If you receive your salary or any type of compensation in cryptocurrencies, this constitutes employment income that must be declared based on its value in euros at the time of receipt. Subsequently, when you sell or exchange those cryptocurrencies, you will generate a new capital gain or loss.
REMEMBER: Simply buying cryptocurrencies and holding them in your wallet does not create any obligation to report them on your income tax return. Only transfers are subject to tax.
How do you calculate a capital gain or loss?
Spain applies the FIFO (First In, First Out) method: the first cryptocurrencies you purchased are the first considered sold.
Additionally:
- Purchase fees increase the acquisition value.
- Sale fees reduce the transfer value.
- You must consolidate all your transactions from all exchanges and wallets into a single tax pool.
Documents Required to Report Cryptocurrencies Correctly
Correct cryptocurrency declaration requires comprehensive documentation. Lack of documentation may be interpreted as concealment of assets. The Tax Authority requires the ability to justify:
Complete Transaction History
You need a chronological record of all your transactions: purchases, sales, exchanges, transfers between wallets, staking rewards, airdrops received, etc. This history must include:
- Exact date and time of each transaction
- Type of transaction (purchase, sale, exchange, transfer)
- Amount of cryptocurrencies involved
- Unit and total price in euros at the time of the transaction
- Fees applied
- Platform or exchange used
CSV Exports from Exchanges
Most exchanges allow you to export your transaction history in CSV format. These exports are useful but have limitations: they do not always include all transactions (especially transfers between platforms), may have errors in euro conversions, and do not facilitate the application of the FIFO method when operating on multiple platforms.
Screenshots and receipts
For significant transactions or on platforms that do not offer complete exports, it is advisable to keep screenshots of transactions, email confirmations, and any other receipt that proves the transaction.
Screenshots must show date, time, and visible data to be valid.
Personal Wallet Records
If you use non-custodial wallets (such as MetaMask, Ledger, or similar), you must document all transactions made from those addresses. Blockchain analysis tools can help you reconstruct the complete history of an address, but they require technical knowledge.
Proof of the Source of Funds
In case of inspection, the Tax Authority may request that you prove where the money used to purchase cryptocurrencies came from.
We show you examples of accepted documents:
- Payslips
- Bank savings
- Declared income
- Patrimonial sales
- Justified inheritances or donations
IMPORTANT: Keep all documentation for at least 4 years.
What is a Crypto Tax Report, and why is it key for personal income tax?
A Crypto Tax Report is a technical-legal document that analyzes and classifies all your crypto transactions in accordance with Spanish regulations.
Although technically there is no specific legal obligation to have a crypto tax report, it is highly recommended. We explain why:
What is it for?
- Ensures regulatory compliance
- Provides support in dealing with tax authority requirements
- It allows you to legally optimize your tax situation
- It provides legal certainty and peace of mind
While there are online tools that automatically generate tax reports from exchange APIs, these tools are useful for simple operations but have significant limitations in complex cases:
Limitations of automated reports
- Do not correctly identify the type of transaction
- Traceability failures
- Problems with FIFO on multiple platforms
- Do not detect errors, duplicates, or airdrops
- Do not include legal analysis
Benefits of the Professional Report
- Complete fiat–crypto–fiat traceability
- Reconstruction of movements
- Adapted tax analysis
- Risk identification
- Legal tax optimization
- Defense before the Tax Authority
Risks of Not Having a Professional Report
Incorrect declaration may result in:
- AEAT requirements
- Regularizations with surcharges of 5% to 20%
- Penalties of 50% to 150%
- Late-payment interest
- Even risk of tax offense
The investment in a professional report is minimal compared to the risks.
At IN DIEM Abogados, in collaboration with Cryptoveritas 360, we prepare crypto tax reports with full traceability and specialized legal analysis to ensure regulatory compliance and your security before the Tax Agency.
How can IN DIEM Abogados help you?
At IN DIEM Abogados, we are a firm specialized in cryptocurrency taxation and new technologies. Together with our technological partner Cryptoveritas 360, we offer a comprehensive service that combines technical, legal, and tax analysis.
Our services include:
Comprehensive Crypto Tax Reports: With detailed traceability, accurate tax classification, and support in dealing with the tax authorities.
Guidance on Filing Your 2025 Income Tax Return: We prepare and file your income tax return securely and efficiently.
Adjustments to Prior Years: Complete reconstruction of complex transaction histories, wallets, and transactions.
Defense against tax assessments or penalties: We respond to the tax authorities on your behalf with all the necessary legal documentation.
Personalized attention from an expert attorney: Direct contact 24/7 to answer your questions and guide you through the entire process.
Utmost confidentiality and professionalism: Your information will be handled with the utmost care.
If you operate with cryptocurrencies, we help you declare correctly and avoid risks.
Contact us. We are here to help you.
Preguntas frecuentes sobre fiscalidad de criptomonedas en la Renta 2025
¿Qué operaciones con criptomonedas tributan en España?
Tributan, entre otras, la venta de criptomonedas por euros, las permutas entre criptomonedas, el pago de bienes o servicios con cripto, las recompensas por staking, farming o mining, los airdrops, forks y las retribuciones cobradas en activos digitales.
¿Cómo tributan las ganancias por venta de criptomonedas?
La venta de criptomonedas genera una ganancia o pérdida patrimonial por la diferencia entre el valor de adquisición y el valor de transmisión, teniendo en cuenta las comisiones aplicables. Esa ganancia o pérdida debe integrarse en la declaración de la renta conforme a la normativa vigente.
¿Cómo se calculan las ganancias o pérdidas patrimoniales?
En España se aplica habitualmente el método FIFO, por el que se consideran transmitidas primero las criptomonedas adquiridas en primer lugar. Para calcular correctamente el resultado fiscal es necesario unificar todas las operaciones realizadas en exchanges, wallets y plataformas utilizadas.
¿Por qué Hacienda tiene más control sobre las criptomonedas?
El control ha aumentado por las obligaciones informativas de plataformas y proveedores de servicios cripto, los modelos tributarios específicos y el intercambio de información. Esto permite a la Agencia Tributaria cruzar datos de operaciones y detectar posibles discrepancias con lo declarado por el contribuyente.
¿Qué documentación necesito para declarar criptomonedas?
Es recomendable conservar historiales completos de operaciones, archivos CSV de exchanges, registros de wallets, justificantes de transferencias, capturas de pantalla, comprobantes de compra y venta, datos de comisiones y documentación que acredite el origen de los fondos utilizados.
¿Durante cuánto tiempo debo conservar la documentación cripto?
Conviene conservar toda la documentación justificativa durante al menos cuatro años, especialmente historiales de operaciones, justificantes de pagos, movimientos entre wallets y documentos que permitan acreditar el origen, titularidad y valoración de los criptoactivos.
¿Qué es un informe fiscal cripto?
Un informe fiscal cripto es un documento técnico y jurídico que analiza, clasifica y ordena las operaciones con criptomonedas conforme a la normativa fiscal española. Sirve para calcular ganancias, pérdidas, rendimientos y justificar la declaración ante posibles requerimientos de Hacienda.
¿Qué riesgos existen si no declaro correctamente mis criptomonedas?
Una declaración incorrecta puede dar lugar a requerimientos de la Agencia Tributaria, regularizaciones, recargos, intereses de demora, sanciones económicas e incluso riesgos penales en los casos más graves. Por eso es importante revisar la operativa antes de presentar la renta.
Cryptoveritas 360: Our Technology Partner
Advice on blockchain and cryptocurrencies requires a multidisciplinary approach. At In Diem Abogados, we work alongside Cryptoveritas 360, our technology partner, to offer a comprehensive service in the areas of cryptoassets, blockchain technology, and digital assets. We combine legal expertise and technological innovation to support companies and individuals at every stage of their projects.
Expert Cryptocurrency Lawyers: Málaga, Seville, Madrid, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Almería, Huelva, Marbella, Estepona,…
At IN DIEM Abogados and Cryptoveritas 360 we provide our services at all our offices and locations in Spain, offering direct and personalized coverage in Madrid, Seville, Málaga, Marbella, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, as well as continuous service through our digital channels for clients throughout the country.
Our multidisciplinary team also advises international companies—including Europe, Latin America and Asia—that wish to establish or expand in Spain under the MiCA regulatory framework, whether through obtaining the CASP license from the CNMV or the incorporation of companies and compliance structures adapted to the European market.
Thanks to a hybrid working methodology (in-person and online), we guarantee the same level of quality, confidentiality and efficiency for both local and foreign clients, supporting each project from initial planning to effective regulatory authorization.
We are at your disposal for anything you need. You can reach us via IN DIEM Lawyers Phone (+34) 916 353 892. For urgent cases, you can contact us on IN DIEM 24-Hour Emergency Lawyers Phone: (+34) 610 667 452.
Did you know that Abogados IN DIEM offers online and expedited services?
We offer our clients the option of receiving assistance via video call or videoconference, as well as by phone, depending on their preference, so that the assistance is as personalized as possible, provided immediately, and without the need to travel. This service is complemented by communication via email, which facilitates the review and delivery of documentation.
In addition, for businesses and individuals, IN DIEM Abogados offers urgent services and 24-hour support for matters that require a quick response.
Would you like to know more about IN DIEM Abogados? Here is this short introductory video…
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You can find us in Seville, Madrid, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Málaga, Tomares, Coria del Río, Dos Hermanas, Mairena del Alcor, Estepona, Marbella, and Mairena del Aljarafe. We look forward to serving you.
