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Costa Rica: Commercial Societies

Costa Rica: Commercial Societies. A practical guide to choosing the right legal structure

28 Aug 2025
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Why incorporate a company in Costa Rica? Legal keys and strategic advantages Costa Rica is consolidating itself as one of the most attractive destinations in Latin America for incorporating a commercial society, thanks to its political stability, legal certainty, and favorable business environment. With an open economy, bilingual human talent, and a flexible legal system, the country offers multiple corporate forms adapted to all types of projects: from individual entrepreneurs to international corporations. In this article, we explain in a clear and practical way the types of companies you can incorporate in Costa Rica (S.A., S.R.L., E.I.R.L., among others), their advantages and disadvantages, the legal process of incorporation, and the tax aspects to consider. Furthermore, we provide key advice for choosing the most appropriate structure and explain how IN DIEM Abogados can help you establish your company with security, efficiency, and strategic vision.
Divorce and mandatory mediation - IN DIEM lawyers

Mandatory mediation in contested divorces

13 Aug 2025
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Mandatory mediation: a new stage in contested divorces in Spain As of April 2025, contested divorces in Spain require, as a prior step, participation in a mandatory mediation process, as provided for in Organic Law 1/2025. This reform seeks to reduce the courts’ workload, encourage more tailored agreements, and lower the emotional and financial cost of separation proceedings. The new framework requires the parties to attend, at a minimum, an initial information session with an accredited mediator before initiating court proceedings. In this post, we explain what this reform entails, its legal exceptions (such as in cases of gender-based violence or urgent situations), and how it may affect your divorce process. We also analyse how In Diem Abogados can assist you before, during and after mediation: from preliminary advice to validating agreements or, if necessary, representation in court litigation. A clear guide to understanding this new legal requirement and how to approach it with legal and human safeguards
Shareholder Agreement and SMEs

Importance of Shareholder Agreements and SMEs

07 Aug 2025
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Shareholder agreements in SMEs: stability for your company In many SMEs, the personal relationship between shareholders is the starting point of the project. However, disagreements can arise over time and jeopardize the continuity of the business. In this post, we explain what a shareholder agreement is, why it is essential in small companies, what clauses it should include, and how it can help you prevent conflicts. A key tool to ensure the future of your company through foresight and consensus.
Minority Shareholders in Limited Liability Companies IN DIEM Abogados

Minority Shareholders in Limited Liability Companies

09 Jul 2025
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10 Keys to Protecting Your Rights as a Minority Shareholder in an S.L. Being a minority shareholder in a Limited Liability Company can be an opportunity, but it also involves certain risks if preventive measures are not adopted. In this post, IN DIEM Abogados shares 10 essential recommendations to safeguard your rights: from negotiating a shareholders' agreement, exercising the right to information, attending general meetings or preventing dilution of your stake, to securing ongoing legal advice. A practical guide for minority shareholders who want to participate actively in the company without losing control or legal security.
Declassification of VPO housing

Declassification of Social Housing (VPO): Requirements, Procedure, and Legal Consequences.

15 May 2025
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Social Housing, also known as Viviendas de Protección Oficial (VPO), refers to properties that receive specific benefits granted by the Administration to facilitate access to housing for individuals with fewer resources. However, these benefits entail a series of restrictions, including limitations on sale and rental prices, as well as the inability to freely dispose of the property without having passed the protection period to which the housing is subject. To be able to freely dispose of the property, one must request the declassification of the VPO. In this article, we will analyze the fundamental legal aspects of this process. On the other hand, there are specific situations and cases in which the sale or rental of the property becomes possible because a series of circumstances arise that make it impossible or very difficult to continue living in the home: divorce, the home becoming uninhabitable due to a significant increase in...
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Adoption of Adults: A Legal Path to Formalize Emotional Bonds Beyond Childhood. Success Story.

02 May 2025
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When adoption is mentioned, most people think of minors finding a new family. However, the law also allows for the legal formalization of emotional bonds between adults through the institution of adult adoption. This modality, although less well-known, has a solid legal foundation and responds to personal realities that fall outside the traditional model of filiation. This form of adoption is not designed to address the guardianship or care needs typical of childhood, but rather to legally recognize already established emotional bonds. In many cases, these are relationships of support and prolonged cohabitation where there is no biological kinship, but there is a firm desire to create a family bond recognized by law. Various reasons may exist: from the desire to legally recognize a caregiving relationship not formalized at the time, to the recognition of a paternal or maternal figure who has been present in later stages of life. What...
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Asset Protection in Divorce: How to Secure Assets Before, During, and After Marriage

27 Mar 2025
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In the context of a divorce, one of the most important and often most contentious aspects is the distribution of assets. Couples may own assets acquired jointly or individually, and understanding how to protect and ensure their fair distribution is essential to avoid prolonged litigation. Spanish legislation, through the Civil Code and various legal reforms, provides tools for asset protection in the event of divorce. 1. Why is asset protection important in a divorce? The spouses’ assets are not only composed of material goods such as real estate or vehicles, but also bank accounts, shares, investments, copyrights, among others. During a divorce, the law establishes mechanisms to ensure that both spouses receive a fair share, but it also provides for situations where one spouse might attempt to protect their assets from distribution. Hence the importance of an adequate protection plan. 2. Economic regime of marriage: the key to protection In...
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Corporate criminal liability AMLCFT

Corporate Criminal Liability in Money Laundering Cases: Technical and Regulatory Analysis

13 Mar 2025
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This article offers a detailed analysis of corporate criminal liability in money laundering offenses, highlighting regulatory frameworks, associated sanctions, and the importance of having a specialized criminal defense lawyer in the prevention and defense of these crimes. Additionally, guidelines for implementing compliance systems and the most effective strategies to avoid involvement in illicit activities are provided. Money laundering is a serious offense that affects both natural and legal persons. In the business context, criminal liability for money laundering offenses has become increasingly relevant with the enactment of specific regulations and the reform of the Spanish Criminal Code. Companies that do not implement adequate preventive measures may face severe legal, financial, and reputational consequences. Regulatory Framework for Corporate Criminal Liability The Spanish Criminal Code establishes that companies can be held criminally liable for offenses committed in their name or on behalf of their governing bodies, provided they have not adopted the...
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An expert report from the Environmental Prosecutor’s Office brings hope to more than 4,000 residents of Coria del Río after two decades of legal struggle

06 Feb 2025
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Coria del Río, February 6, 2025. An expert report, prepared by the Environmental Technical Unit of the State Prosecutor’s Office, confirms what more than 4,000 residents of the Guadalquivir Neighborhood in Coria del Río have been reporting for over two decades: the existence of a “danger of substantial damage to the quality of surface waters and confirmed damage to groundwater, soils, and public health” as a consequence of contamination from hydrocarbon spills from a nearby gas station. This opinion represents a significant advance in the struggle of those affected, who finally see their complaints validated after more than 20 years of litigation. The judicial resolution obtained not only marks a turning point in the defense of the rights of the residents of the Guadalquivir Neighborhood, but also reinforces the need for companies and public administrations to assume their environmental and social responsibilities. From In Diem Abogados, as prosecutors in this...
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Requirements and Characteristics of the German UG Company

Requirements and Characteristics of the German Unternehmergesellschaft (haftungsbeschränkt) (UG) Company

12 Dec 2024
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Characteristics of the German UG Capital Company The Unternehmergesellschaft (haftungsbeschränkt) (UG), also known as “mini-GmbH,” is a simplified variant of the GmbH in Germany. It is designed for small entrepreneurs and startups that do not have significant capital at the outset, allowing its incorporation with very low share capital. Below, I detail the main requirements and steps for incorporating a UG: 1. Share Capital 2. Founders 3. Articles of Association (Satzung) 4. UG Bodies 5. Registration in the Commercial Register (Handelsregister) 6. Compliance with Other Regulations 7. Incorporation Costs Conclusion The incorporation of a UG is an attractive option for entrepreneurs who wish to start a business in Germany with reduced initial capital. Although the liability of the shareholders is limited, it is important to remember the obligation to reserve 25% of profits to eventually reach the minimum capital required to convert into a GmbH. If you need more details...
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